IELTS Writing Task 2 Essays
200+ Sample Answers
DR VISHAL GOYAL
Ex Lecturer in English
M.Phil., Ph.D. (English), BCCIT, London (UK)
VISHAL ENGLISH, IELTS & PTE INSTITUTE, YAMUNANAGAR
Ex Lecturer in English
M.Phil., Ph.D. (English), BCCIT, London (UK)
VISHAL ENGLISH, IELTS & PTE INSTITUTE, YAMUNANAGAR
More Sample Answers
(Writing Task-2)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (7 Answers)
2. In some countries, owning a home rather than renting one is very important for people.
Do you think this is a positive or negative situation? (7 Answers)
3. In some cultures, children are often told that they can achieve anything if they try hard enough.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of giving children this message? (4 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (8 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (8 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (6 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (6 Answers)
8. Some people believe that we have too many choices these days.
To what extent do you agree or disagree? (3 Answers)
What could be the disadvantages of being self-employed? (5 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (5 Answers)
To what extent do you think laws are needed to make people recycle more of their waste? (2 Answer)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (3 Answer)
Do the advantages of this situation outweigh the disadvantages? (2 Answer)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (4 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (4 Answers)
16. Governments should spend money on railways rather than roads.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (2 Answer)
Discuss both views and give your opinion. (2 Answer)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (7 Answers)
19. In spite of the advances made in agriculture, many people around the world still go hungry.
What can be done about this problem? (5 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (4 Answers)
Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages? (4 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (5 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
Do you think this is a positive or negative development? (4 Answers)
25. Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology.
In what ways has technology affected personal relationships?
Has this become a positive or negative development? (4 Answers)
26. Many museums charge for admission while others are free.
Discuss both views and give your opinion. (6 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (7 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree? (4 Answers)
Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (8 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement?
What other measures do you think might be effective? (3 Answers)
Discuss both views and give your opinion. (3 Answers)
What factors contribute to job satisfaction?
How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers? (2 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (4 Answers)
Discuss both ideas by giving your opinion. (2 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your opinion. (5 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (5 Answers)
What, in your opinion, should be the main function of a university? (4 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (3 Answers)
Which do you consider to be the major influence? (2 Answers)
43. Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject.
To what extent do you agree or disagree? (3 Answers)
Discuss advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. (4 Answers)
45. In many countries schools have severe problems with student behaviour.
What do you think are the causes of this?
What solutions can you suggest? (3 Answers)
Comics, books, radio, television, film, theatre (1 Answer)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (3 Answers)
48. Happiness is considered very important in life.
Why is it difficult to define?
What factors are important in achieving happiness? (1 Answer)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (1 Answer)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (2 Answers)
51. In the modern world it is no longer necessary to use animals for food, clothing or medicine.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of giving children this message?
53. Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
How can we deal with those causes?
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Do the advantages of this situation outweigh the disadvantages?
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
59. Today more people are overweight than ever before.
What in your opinion are the primary causes of this?
What are the main effects of this epidemic?
61. Most people do not care enough about environmental issues.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
62. Fast-paced modern lifestyles have led to people eating more and more fast food at the expense of more traditional meals.
Do the advantages of eating more fast food outweigh the disadvantages?
64. As countries have developed there has been a trend towards smaller family sizes.
Why does this happen? How does this affect society?
To what extent do you agree with this statement?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution?
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
69. Many criminals commit further crimes as soon as they are released from prison.
What do you think are the causes of this? What effects will this have on society?
How could these problems be reduced?
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of this development?
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
75. Motorways help people travel quickly and cover long distances but they also cause problems.
What are the problems of motorways and what solutions are there?
76. Most writers of fiction do not earn enough money to live from their writing.
Do you think the government should give them financial assistance to help encourage good literature?
Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.
78. In many countries, schools have severe problems with student behaviour.
What do you think are the causes of this?
What solutions can you suggest?
What problems does this cause?
What are the possible solutions?
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
24. Countries are becoming more and more similar because people are able to buy the same products anywhere in the world.
Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
Sample Answer 1
Band 8.5
The global phenomenon of globalization has made countries more alike, allowing people worldwide to access and purchase the same products. This trend brings both positive and negative aspects that shape our contemporary world.
On the positive side, the global availability of identical products has significantly enhanced life's convenience for consumers. Wherever individuals find themselves globally, they can access familiar products, reducing the stress and uncertainty associated with travel or relocation. This widespread availability has also resulted in a certain standardization of product quality. Companies now adhere to consistent standards to compete effectively in the global market. Additionally, this interconnectedness through products has facilitated cultural exchange and understanding. Products often carry elements of their home culture, fostering a sense of shared global culture.
However, alongside these positive aspects, there are notable drawbacks to the global availability of identical products. The widespread proliferation of the same products worldwide raises concerns about the potential loss of cultural diversity. Local products, embodying the unique heritage and traditions of specific regions, may struggle to compete with international brands and risk disappearing. This not only diminishes cultural diversity but can also negatively impact local economies. Furthermore, the environmental impact of producing and transporting the same products globally is significant, contributing to environmental issues like global warming.
In conclusion, the global availability of identical products has undeniable advantages such as convenience and standardization of quality. However, it also poses challenges, including the potential loss of cultural diversity and negative environmental impacts. Therefore, careful management and the implementation of policies to protect local industries and minimize environmental harm are crucial in navigating this complex and evolving aspect of globalization.
Homogenization: (Meaning: the making of things similar or identical)
Example Sentence: Globalization has led to a homogenization of cultures, with similar products and brands available in many countries.
Interconnectedness: (Meaning: being connected or linked together)
Example Sentence: The internet has increased the interconnectedness of the world, allowing people to communicate and share information more easily.
Proliferation: (Meaning: rapid increase in number or amount)
Example Sentence: The proliferation of fast food restaurants has contributed to rising obesity rates.
Standardization: (Meaning: the process of making things conform to a standard)
Example Sentence: Many countries have adopted standardized safety regulations for food products.
Drawbacks: (Meaning: disadvantages or negative aspects)
Example Sentence: While globalization has many benefits, there are also some drawbacks, such as the loss of cultural diversity.
Diminishes: (Meaning: makes something smaller or less important)
Example Sentence: The popularity of foreign brands can diminish the demand for local products.
Significant: (Meaning: important or noticeable)
Example Sentence: The significant environmental impact of transportation needs to be addressed.
Crucial: (Meaning: extremely important)
Example Sentence: It is crucial to find sustainable solutions to environmental problems.
More Sample Answers
(Writing Task-2)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (7 Answers)
2. In some countries, owning a home rather than renting one is very important for people.
Do you think this is a positive or negative situation? (7 Answers)
3. In some cultures, children are often told that they can achieve anything if they try hard enough.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of giving children this message? (4 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (8 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (8 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (6 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (6 Answers)
8. Some people believe that we have too many choices these days.
To what extent do you agree or disagree? (3 Answers)
What could be the disadvantages of being self-employed? (5 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (5 Answers)
To what extent do you think laws are needed to make people recycle more of their waste? (2 Answer)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (3 Answer)
Do the advantages of this situation outweigh the disadvantages? (2 Answer)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (4 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (4 Answers)
16. Governments should spend money on railways rather than roads.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (2 Answer)
Discuss both views and give your opinion. (2 Answer)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (7 Answers)
19. In spite of the advances made in agriculture, many people around the world still go hungry.
What can be done about this problem? (5 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (4 Answers)
Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages? (4 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (5 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
Do you think this is a positive or negative development? (4 Answers)
25. Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology.
In what ways has technology affected personal relationships?
Has this become a positive or negative development? (4 Answers)
26. Many museums charge for admission while others are free.
Discuss both views and give your opinion. (6 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (7 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree? (4 Answers)
Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (8 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement?
What other measures do you think might be effective? (3 Answers)
Discuss both views and give your opinion. (3 Answers)
What factors contribute to job satisfaction?
How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers? (2 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (4 Answers)
Discuss both ideas by giving your opinion. (2 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your opinion. (5 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (5 Answers)
What, in your opinion, should be the main function of a university? (4 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (3 Answers)
Which do you consider to be the major influence? (2 Answers)
43. Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject.
To what extent do you agree or disagree? (3 Answers)
Discuss advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. (4 Answers)
45. In many countries schools have severe problems with student behaviour.
What do you think are the causes of this?
What solutions can you suggest? (3 Answers)
Comics, books, radio, television, film, theatre (1 Answer)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (3 Answers)
48. Happiness is considered very important in life.
Why is it difficult to define?
What factors are important in achieving happiness? (1 Answer)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (1 Answer)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (2 Answers)
51. In the modern world it is no longer necessary to use animals for food, clothing or medicine.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of giving children this message?
53. Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
How can we deal with those causes?
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Do the advantages of this situation outweigh the disadvantages?
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
59. Today more people are overweight than ever before.
What in your opinion are the primary causes of this?
What are the main effects of this epidemic?
61. Most people do not care enough about environmental issues.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
62. Fast-paced modern lifestyles have led to people eating more and more fast food at the expense of more traditional meals.
Do the advantages of eating more fast food outweigh the disadvantages?
64. As countries have developed there has been a trend towards smaller family sizes.
Why does this happen? How does this affect society?
To what extent do you agree with this statement?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution?
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
69. Many criminals commit further crimes as soon as they are released from prison.
What do you think are the causes of this? What effects will this have on society?
How could these problems be reduced?
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of this development?
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
75. Motorways help people travel quickly and cover long distances but they also cause problems.
What are the problems of motorways and what solutions are there?
76. Most writers of fiction do not earn enough money to live from their writing.
Do you think the government should give them financial assistance to help encourage good literature?
Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.
78. In many countries, schools have severe problems with student behaviour.
What do you think are the causes of this?
What solutions can you suggest?
What problems does this cause?
What are the possible solutions?
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Sample Answers
(Writing Task-1)
24. Countries are becoming more and more similar because people are able to buy the same products anywhere in the world.
Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
Sample Answer 2
Band 8.5
The growing accessibility of the same products everywhere has sparked debates on whether this is a good or bad thing for the homogenization of the world. This essay will investigate both viewpoints and offer my opinion on the subject.
Those who view this as a positive phenomenon argue that it promotes cultural exchange and understanding. The accessibility of global products enables individuals from various regions to experience and appreciate diverse cultures. It eliminates barriers and promotes a sense of interconnectedness and shared experiences. Having access to the same products can also increase convenience and foster a sense of comfort when travelling or residing abroad.
On the other hand, critics argue that product homogenization can lead to the erosion of local cultures and traditions. They believe that when identical products are available everywhere, cultural identities are diminished, leading to a loss of diversity and authenticity. In addition, it can have a negative effect on local businesses and artisans, who struggle to contend with global brands.
In my opinion, the effects of global homogenization are multifaceted and dependent on numerous variables. While it can contribute to cultural exchange and convenience, it is essential to preserve local traditions and promote sustainable development. Supporting local businesses, artisans, and traditional craftsmanship can help preserve cultural diversity without sacrificing global connectivity or product accessibility.
Moreover, it is essential to promote sustainable consumption and practises. It is possible to mitigate the negative effects of global homogenization by promoting consumer decisions that consider the social and environmental impacts of products.
In conclusion, the increasing global availability of identical goods can have both positive and negative effects. Despite the fact that it can facilitate cultural exchange and convenience, efforts should be made to preserve local cultures, support local businesses, and promote sustainable consumption practises.
Word: Homogenization (noun)
Meaning: The process of becoming the same or similar.
Example Sentence: The growing accessibility of the same products worldwide is contributing to the homogenization of cultural landscapes.
Word: Interconnectedness (noun)
Meaning: The state of being connected or linked together.
Example Sentence: Global trade has fostered a sense of interconnectedness among cultures, but it also raises concerns about cultural homogenization.
Word: Erosion (noun)
Meaning: The gradual damage or weakening of something.
Example Sentence: Critics argue that product homogenization can lead to the erosion of unique local traditions and craftsmanship.
Word: Mitigate (verb)**
Meaning: To make something less severe or damaging.
Example Sentence: Supporting local businesses can help mitigate the negative impacts of globalization on cultural diversity.
Word: Multifaceted (adjective)**
Meaning: Having many different aspects or features.
Example Sentence: The effects of product homogenization are multifaceted, encompassing both positive and negative aspects.
Word: Accessibility (noun)**
Meaning: The ease with which something can be obtained or used.
Example Sentence: Increased accessibility to global products can be convenient for consumers, but it also poses challenges for local businesses.
Word: Authenticity (noun)**
Meaning: The quality of being genuine or true to its origins.
Example Sentence: Some fear that cultural authenticity is lost when identical products replace locally made goods.
Word: Sustainable (adjective)**
Meaning: Able to be maintained at a certain level without harming the environment.
Example Sentence: Promoting sustainable consumption practices can help reduce the environmental impact of product homogenization.
More Sample Answers
(Writing Task-2)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (7 Answers)
2. In some countries, owning a home rather than renting one is very important for people.
Do you think this is a positive or negative situation? (7 Answers)
3. In some cultures, children are often told that they can achieve anything if they try hard enough.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of giving children this message? (4 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (8 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (8 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (6 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (6 Answers)
8. Some people believe that we have too many choices these days.
To what extent do you agree or disagree? (3 Answers)
What could be the disadvantages of being self-employed? (5 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (5 Answers)
To what extent do you think laws are needed to make people recycle more of their waste? (2 Answer)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (3 Answer)
Do the advantages of this situation outweigh the disadvantages? (2 Answer)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (4 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (4 Answers)
16. Governments should spend money on railways rather than roads.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (2 Answer)
Discuss both views and give your opinion. (2 Answer)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (7 Answers)
19. In spite of the advances made in agriculture, many people around the world still go hungry.
What can be done about this problem? (5 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (4 Answers)
Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages? (4 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (5 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
Do you think this is a positive or negative development? (4 Answers)
25. Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology.
In what ways has technology affected personal relationships?
Has this become a positive or negative development? (4 Answers)
26. Many museums charge for admission while others are free.
Discuss both views and give your opinion. (6 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (7 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree? (4 Answers)
Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (8 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement?
What other measures do you think might be effective? (3 Answers)
Discuss both views and give your opinion. (3 Answers)
What factors contribute to job satisfaction?
How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers? (2 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (4 Answers)
Discuss both ideas by giving your opinion. (2 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your opinion. (5 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (5 Answers)
What, in your opinion, should be the main function of a university? (4 Answers)
To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2 Answers)
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (3 Answers)
Which do you consider to be the major influence? (2 Answers)
43. Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject.
To what extent do you agree or disagree? (3 Answers)
Discuss advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. (4 Answers)
45. In many countries schools have severe problems with student behaviour.
What do you think are the causes of this?
What solutions can you suggest? (3 Answers)
Comics, books, radio, television, film, theatre (1 Answer)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (3 Answers)
48. Happiness is considered very important in life.
Why is it difficult to define?
What factors are important in achieving happiness? (1 Answer)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (1 Answer)
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (2 Answers)
51. In the modern world it is no longer necessary to use animals for food, clothing or medicine.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of giving children this message?
53. Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
How can we deal with those causes?
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Do the advantages of this situation outweigh the disadvantages?
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
59. Today more people are overweight than ever before.
What in your opinion are the primary causes of this?
What are the main effects of this epidemic?
61. Most people do not care enough about environmental issues.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
62. Fast-paced modern lifestyles have led to people eating more and more fast food at the expense of more traditional meals.
Do the advantages of eating more fast food outweigh the disadvantages?
64. As countries have developed there has been a trend towards smaller family sizes.
Why does this happen? How does this affect society?
To what extent do you agree with this statement?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution?
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
69. Many criminals commit further crimes as soon as they are released from prison.
What do you think are the causes of this? What effects will this have on society?
How could these problems be reduced?
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of this development?
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
75. Motorways help people travel quickly and cover long distances but they also cause problems.
What are the problems of motorways and what solutions are there?
76. Most writers of fiction do not earn enough money to live from their writing.
Do you think the government should give them financial assistance to help encourage good literature?
Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.
78. In many countries, schools have severe problems with student behaviour.
What do you think are the causes of this?
What solutions can you suggest?
What problems does this cause?
What are the possible solutions?
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Sample Answers
(Writing Task-1)
24. Countries are becoming more and more similar because people are able to buy the same products anywhere in the world.
Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
Sample Answer 3
Band 8
In the rapidly evolving landscape of the last 15 years, technological advancements have permeated every facet of our lives, reshaping industries, economies, and the very nature of global connectivity. From the realms of technology, gastronomy, fashion, tourism, to the intricacies of transportation, these changes have ushered in an era where nations find themselves intricately connected, sharing not only information but a global marketplace.
The ubiquity of goods and services in the contemporary era is exemplified by the availability of a diverse selection of products on e-commerce platforms such as Flipkart, Amazon, and Snapdeal. These platforms have become the gateways to a global marketplace, where consumers can access a plethora of products from different corners of the world. The advantages are multifaceted, ranging from the convenience of 24/7 accessibility to the allure of discounts and rebates. This symbiotic relationship between consumers and e-commerce platforms illustrates a paradigm shift in the way commerce operates.
Furthermore, the profound impact of technological advancements on small-scale enterprises is noteworthy. With the advent of the internet, businesses have found a centralized hub for operations. The market value of these enterprises has seen a remarkable surge, signifying the democratization of opportunities in the business realm. The ease with which international transactions can occur has empowered local investors to explore foreign markets with unprecedented ease, bridging gaps that were once insurmountable.
The interconnectedness facilitated by technological progress and the internet is not merely about commerce but extends to the core of entrepreneurship. The internet acts as a conduit for resource exchange and connects individuals globally. This interconnectedness has transformed the very fabric of our societies, transcending geographical boundaries and fostering a sense of global unity.
In conclusion, the confluence of technological advancements and globalization has birthed an era where access to information, goods, and opportunities knows no bounds. The internet has emerged as the linchpin of this transformation, redefining the way we conduct business, connect with one another, and perceive the world. The landscape of the last 15 years is not just about progress; it's a testament to the power of connectivity in shaping the future of our interconnected world.
24. Countries are becoming more and more similar because people are able to buy the same products anywhere in the world.
Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
Sample Answer 4
Band 8.5
Absolutely, the past 15 years have witnessed an unprecedented surge in development across various fields, thanks to technology, globalization, and interconnectedness. Your exploration of this phenomenon and its impact on the global landscape is quite insightful.
The availability of a diverse range of products worldwide, facilitated by e-commerce giants like Flipkart, Amazon, and Walmart, has indeed revolutionized the way people shop. The convenience of purchasing items online, coupled with discount coupons and cashback offers, has made online shopping a preferred choice for a majority of consumers. This global marketplace not only caters to local needs but also allows brands to reach a global audience, fostering a sense of interconnectedness.
Moreover, the centralization of businesses through online platforms has become a driving force in the modern era. The internet serves as a centralized hub where individuals can engage in buying and selling activities on a global scale. Small-scale industries have experienced a surge in market value, and entrepreneurs can seamlessly connect with international clients. The internet has not only facilitated global transactions but has also empowered local investors to make informed decisions about foreign organizations, promoting cross-border investments.
Your perspective on the internet acting as the linchpin connecting people from different nations is quite pertinent. This interconnectedness has contributed to a sense of global similarity, as individuals can easily share resources, ideas, and products across borders.
In conclusion, the internet's role in centralizing businesses and creating a global marketplace has undeniably shaped a world where nations are closely linked, sharing resources and contributing to a sense of global unity.